Prenatal Diagnostic Testing

Amniocentesis

A diagnostic procedure that analyses amniotic fluid to provide definitive genetic information about your baby – typically performed between 15 and 20 weeks.

Overview

Definitive answers in the second trimester.

Amniocentesis is a prenatal diagnostic procedure that involves removing a small sample of amniotic fluid from the sac surrounding your baby. The fluid contains fetal cells that can be analysed to diagnose chromosomal conditions (like Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome, and Patau syndrome), many genetic disorders, and neural tube defects (such as spina bifida). It is usually performed between 15 and 20 weeks of pregnancy.

Amniocentesis is offered when there is an increased risk of a genetic or chromosomal condition – for example, due to maternal age, abnormal screening results, a family history of genetic disorders, or an ultrasound finding suggestive of an anomaly. It can also be used to assess lung maturity in the third trimester, though this is less common.

At Amytri, amniocentesis is performed by an experienced consultant radiologist with specialised training in fetal medicine and interventional procedures. Using real‑time ultrasound guidance, we safely aspirate a small amount of amniotic fluid. The procedure is quick, and we take every precaution to minimise any risk. We provide thorough pre‑ and post‑procedure counselling, ensuring you understand the process, the risks, and the implications of the results.

What amniocentesis covers

  • Karyotyping – full chromosome analysis for trisomies and structural rearrangements
  • FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridisation) – rapid results for common trisomies (24‑48 hours)
  • Chromosomal Microarray (CMA) – detection of microdeletions and duplications
  • Alpha‑fetoprotein (AFP) measurement – screening for neural tube defects (spina bifida, anencephaly)
  • Targeted testing for specific genetic conditions (e.g., cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy)
  • Assessment of fetal lung maturity (in late pregnancy, if indicated)
Why it matters

Diagnostic certainty in the second trimester.

Amniocentesis is the gold standard for prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal and genetic conditions, offering a low risk of miscarriage and the ability to test for neural tube defects.

Accuracy

Definitive diagnosis

Amniocentesis analyses fetal cells directly from amniotic fluid, providing a >99% accurate diagnosis for chromosomal abnormalities and many genetic conditions.

Safety

Lower miscarriage risk than CVS

Amniocentesis carries a lower risk of miscarriage (about 0.1‑0.3%) compared to CVS (0.5‑1%), making it a preferred option for some women.

Scope

Neural tube defect screening

Unlike CVS, amniocentesis can measure alpha‑fetoprotein (AFP) levels in the fluid to screen for open neural tube defects like spina bifida and anencephaly.

What amniocentesis offers

Comprehensive genetic and neural tube assessment.

Amniotic fluid contains fetal cells and biochemical markers that can be analysed using several advanced techniques.

Karyotyping

Full chromosome analysis – detects trisomies 21, 18, 13, sex chromosome anomalies, and structural rearrangements. Results usually available within 10‑14 days.

FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation)

Rapid testing for the most common trisomies (21, 18, 13) and sex chromosomes – results available in 24‑48 hours, giving you early preliminary information.

Chromosomal Microarray (CMA)

Detects submicroscopic deletions and duplications (copy number variants) that may not be visible on routine karyotyping – useful for identifying syndromes like DiGeorge and other microdeletion conditions.

Alpha‑Fetoprotein (AFP) Testing

Elevated AFP levels in amniotic fluid can indicate open neural tube defects (spina bifida, anencephaly) or abdominal wall defects (omphalocele, gastroschisis).

Targeted Genetic Testing

If you have a family history of a specific genetic condition (e.g., cystic fibrosis, spinal muscular atrophy, muscular dystrophy), we can test the amniotic fluid for that particular mutation.

Fetal Lung Maturity (if indicated)

In late pregnancy (usually after 32 weeks), amniocentesis can assess the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio to determine fetal lung maturity, guiding decisions about early delivery.

How it works

Your amniocentesis journey, step by step.

01
Consult

Pre‑procedure counselling

We meet with you to discuss the reasons for amniocentesis, the procedure, the risks, and the implications of potential results. We answer all your questions to ensure you can give informed consent.

02
Scan

Pre‑procedure ultrasound

We perform a detailed ultrasound to confirm the gestational age, check the position of the baby and the placenta, and identify a safe pocket of amniotic fluid for aspiration.

03
Procedure

Amniotic fluid aspiration

Under continuous ultrasound guidance, we pass a thin needle through the abdominal wall into the amniotic sac and aspirate about 15‑20 ml of fluid. The procedure takes about 10‑15 minutes and is usually well tolerated.

04
Results

Results and follow‑up

FISH results are usually available in 24‑48 hours; full karyotype in 10‑14 days. We call you with the results and arrange a follow‑up consultation to discuss them in detail.

Is it for you?

Amniocentesis is recommended if any of these apply.

Amniocentesis is a diagnostic test offered to women at increased risk of having a baby with a chromosomal, genetic, or neural tube condition.

Maternal age ≥35 at delivery

Advanced maternal age increases the risk of trisomies. Amniocentesis can provide a definitive diagnosis in the second trimester.

Abnormal screening results (NIPT or combined test)

If a screening test shows increased risk for a chromosomal condition, amniocentesis can confirm or rule out the diagnosis.

Family history of a genetic condition

If you or your partner carry a gene for cystic fibrosis, thalassemia, muscular dystrophy, or other inherited disorders, amniocentesis can test for these conditions.

Ultrasound finding suggestive of anomaly

If an ultrasound reveals structural abnormalities (such as cardiac defects, brain anomalies, or markers like echogenic bowel), amniocentesis can help identify a genetic cause.

Previous child with a chromosomal or genetic condition

If you have had a previous affected pregnancy, amniocentesis can assess the risk in the current pregnancy.

Elevated risk of neural tube defects

If you have a family history of neural tube defects, or if serum screening shows elevated AFP, amniocentesis can measure AFP levels in the amniotic fluid to confirm or rule out an open neural tube defect.

Dr. Abhishek at Amytri Diagnostics & Healthcare
Dr. Abhishek Consultant Radiologist & Fetal Medicine
Meet your specialist

Expert in amniocentesis with precision.

Dr. Abhishek has extensive experience in performing amniocentesis and other prenatal diagnostic procedures. He uses real‑time ultrasound guidance to ensure the safety and accuracy of the procedure. He understands the emotional weight of this decision and provides clear, compassionate communication before, during, and after the procedure.

Qualified consultantMBBS · DMRD · DNB (Radiodiagnosis)
Fetal medicine expertiseAmniocentesis, CVS, and fetal therapy
Advanced technologyHigh‑resolution ultrasound for guidance
Patient‑centred careClear explanations and compassionate support
Share the journey

Your partner is welcome to join.

Amniocentesis can be an emotionally challenging experience – having your partner with you provides support and shared understanding.

We encourage partners to be present for the counselling session and the procedure. We explain what is happening at every step, and we create a calm, supportive environment. After the procedure, we monitor you for a short time and provide clear instructions for aftercare.

Be present togetherSupport each other throughout
Ask questions togetherGet clarity as a couple
Emotional supportNavigate the journey together
Results discussion togetherHear the outcome as a team
Gentle answers

Questions about amniocentesis.

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Get the answers you need – book your amniocentesis consultation today.

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